Probability theory and random variables
Basic probability concepts, sample spaces, and counting principles
Conditional probability, independence, and Bayes' theorem
Random variables, probability distributions, and expectation
Bernoulli, binomial, geometric, Poisson, and more
Continuous distributions, PDFs, and expectations
Uniform, exponential, normal, and other continuous distributions
Law of large numbers, central limit theorem, and convergence
Generating functions, inequalities, and simulation
Comprehensive references and practice materials